Towards the Anchovy Biorefinery: Biogas Production from Anchovy Processing Waste after Fish Oil Extraction with Biobased Limonene

Anchovies are among the largest fish catch worldwide. The anchovy fillet industry generates a huge amount of biowaste (e.g., heads, bones, tails) that can be used for extraction several potentially valuable bioproducts including omega-3 lipids. Following valued oil rich in omega-3, vitamin D3 and zeaxanthin from leftovers using biobased limonene fully circular process, solid residue (anchovy sludge) was as starting substrate production biogas by anaerobic digestion. In spite unbalanced carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, typical marine biowaste, sludge showed good methane yield (about 280 mLCH4·gVS−1), proving an ideal co-digestion along with other wastes residues. Furthermore, presence residual limonene, renewable, not-toxic edible solvent, does not affect microbial methanogenesis. results reported this study demonstrate after process efficiently co-substrate modern biorefinery.